Chong, Reina Mae B;
Tangunan, Deborah N;
Toyado, Dexter M;
Koji Elegado, Aljon Francis;
(2025)
Evolving disaster resilience in the Philippines: Insights from the 2021 and 2023 World Risk Poll on socio-economic, regional, and systemic factors.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
, 121
, Article 105415. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105415.
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Abstract
The Philippines is consistently one of the world's most at-risk countries due to its location within the Pacific Ring of Fire and the “typhoon belt”. However, resilience at national and regional levels remains understudied, particularly in relation to socio-economic inequalities, gender dynamics, and governance. This study addresses this gap by analyzing resilience trends from the 2021 and 2023 World Risk Poll (WRP) Philippines dataset, focusing on the influence of gender, urbanicity, and income across individuals, households, communities, and society, using statistical and data analysis tools. Results reveal a general decline in scores, with sharp drops in Region 4B (MIMAROPA–highest resilience) and Region 7 (Central Visayas–mid-range). Conversely, Region 13 (Caraga–lowest) and Region 5 (Bicol–mid-range) improved, reflecting the success of community-based disaster risk reduction initiatives and governance. Gender disparities narrowed, with women scoring higher in household and societal resilience, while men excelled in community resilience. Urbanicity showed no significant association, although urban areas had higher individual and household resilience, while rural areas demonstrated stronger societal resilience. Income disparities persisted, with higher-income groups consistently achieving greater resilience, particularly at individual and household levels, due to better access to resources and opportunities. These findings emphasize the need for targeted, evidence-based strategies to build resilience in vulnerable regions in the Philippines, informing inclusive policies, equitable resource distribution, and governance collaboration. While the WRP provides valuable insights, reliance on self-reported perceptions highlights the need for further mixed method and longitudinal studies. Lessons from the Philippines thus offer globally relevant strategies for building resilience in disaster-prone regions.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Evolving disaster resilience in the Philippines: Insights from the 2021 and 2023 World Risk Poll on socio-economic, regional, and systemic factors |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105415 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105415 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. under a Creative Commons license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | Resilience, Disasters, Hazards, Risk perception, Pacific region |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Earth Sciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10206346 |
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