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Rare disease gene association discovery in the 100,000 Genomes Project

Cipriani, V; Vestito, L; Magavern, EF; Jacobsen, JOB; Arno, G; Behr, ER; Benson, KA; ... Smedley, D; + view all (2025) Rare disease gene association discovery in the 100,000 Genomes Project. Nature 10.1038/s41586-025-08623-w. (In press). Green open access

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Abstract

Up to 80% of rare disease patients remain undiagnosed after genomic sequencing1, with many probably involving pathogenic variants in yet to be discovered disease–gene associations. To search for such associations, we developed a rare variant gene burden analytical framework for Mendelian diseases, and applied it to protein-coding variants from whole-genome sequencing of 34,851 cases and their family members recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project2. A total of 141 new associations were identified, including five for which independent disease–gene evidence was recently published. Following in silico triaging and clinical expert review, 69 associations were prioritized, of which 30 could be linked to existing experimental evidence. The five associations with strongest overall genetic and experimental evidence were monogenic diabetes with the known β cell regulator3,4 UNC13A, schizophrenia with GPR17, epilepsy with RBFOX3, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease with ARPC3 and anterior segment ocular abnormalities with POMK. Further confirmation of these and other associations could lead to numerous diagnoses, highlighting the clinical impact of large-scale statistical approaches to rare disease–gene association discovery.

Type: Article
Title: Rare disease gene association discovery in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Location: England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08623-w
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08623-w
Language: English
Additional information: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > The Ear Institute
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Department of Neuromuscular Diseases
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Renal Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Genetics and Genomic Medicine Dept
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10206245
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