Ding, Yan; Chen, Wanyue; Pan, Xiao; Liu, Kuixing; Wei, Shen; How, Ler Yee; Li, Junchu; (2025) An Evolutionary Game Model Considering Response Priority for Flexible Resource Scheduling in Buildings. Journal of Building Engineering , Article 112154. 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112154. (In press).

Text 1-s2.0-S2352710225003900-main.pdf - Accepted Version Access restricted to UCL open access staff until 19 February 2026. Download (2MB)

Abstract

Building demand response has gradually become an effective means of managing the power balance and maintaining stable operation for the grids. The growing diversity of building electrical devices has led to emerging differences in the strategies of demand-side load response towards the grid. Scheduling strategies that disregard the sequencing of multiple flexible resources not only complicate the maximization of response benefits but also exacerbate the load difference between peak and valley periods. To tackle the aforementioned issues, this study identifies three types of virtual load participants using feature extraction and clustering method, and determines their constraint conditions for demand response. With the consideration of temporal priority of various load type during the response scheduling process, evolutionary game model is introduced to solve and analyze the stable equilibrium strategies, aiming to optimize both economic and satisfaction benefits concurrently. The results show that the proposed priority strategy yields significant effect on peak shaving and valley filling, resulting in 27.9% reduction of peak-to-valley difference for residential building case and 46.4% reduction of peak-to-valley difference for commercial building case. During the scheduling process, the role of shiftable load type is particularly prominent. Despite the inherent uncertainty of game participants potentially causing variations in response time, their response priorities remain unaffected. However, the diversity of game objectives causes the change of response priority and subsequent response benefits. When compared to the scheduling strategies with solely economic cost or dissatisfaction cost as the objective, focusing on comprehensive cost present deeper potential in improving demand response efficiency.

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