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An intelligent energy management framework for hybrid-electric propulsion systems using deep reinforcement learning

Wu, Peng; Partridge, Julius; Anderlini, Enrico; Liu, Yuanchang; Bucknall, Richard; (2025) An intelligent energy management framework for hybrid-electric propulsion systems using deep reinforcement learning. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 106 pp. 282-294. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.380. Green open access

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Abstract

Hybrid-electric propulsion systems powered by renewable energy offer a promising solution for decarbonising transportation, but their performance relies on effective energy management systems. This study proposes an intelligent energy management framework using deep reinforcement learning to address the challenges of stochastic operating environments and concurrent control of multiple power sources. A Twin-Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) agent is trained on extensive historical load profiles to develop a generic strategy for continuous state and action spaces. Applied to a coastal ferry with fuel cell clusters and a battery, the framework achieves near-optimal cost performance in simulations of novel voyages, demonstrating its potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in maritime transportation. Validation results demonstrate that the 4-cluster strategy achieves an average voyage cost which is only 2.7% higher than the TD3 uniform strategy, while emitting 1.8% fewer Global Warming Potential (GWP) emissions.

Type: Article
Title: An intelligent energy management framework for hybrid-electric propulsion systems using deep reinforcement learning
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.380
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.380
Language: English
Additional information: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC under a Creative Commons license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Hybrid-electric propulsion, Ship propulsion, Continuous monitoring, Deep reinforcement learning, Energy management system
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Mechanical Engineering
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10204302
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