Kneale, Dylan; Vigurs, Carol; Xu, Jie; Marshall Kissoon, Katherine; Mendizabal-Espinosa, Rosa; Bangpan, Mukdarut; (2024) Innovation Districts: a rapid systematic review and synthesis of innovation district studies. EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London: London, UK.

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Abstract

Background: Innovation Districts are urban interventions designed to cluster key stakeholders and resources within a specific area to drive technological, creative, and scientific advancements. Although they are viewed as a tool for promoting sustainable growth and reducing spatial inequalities, empirical evidence on their real-world impact has largely not been synthesised.// Objective: This study aimed to map and synthesise empirical evidence on the economic and social impacts of Innovation Districts. Specifically, it sought to understand both short-term and long-term effects, including job creation, collaboration, and local community outcomes.// Methods: A rapid systematic review was conducted using mapping, narrative synthesis, and quantitative/qualitative approaches. Data from various geographical settings, particularly the US and Australia, were synthesized to evaluate Innovation Districts' impact on job creation and broader economic outcomes.// Components: The study reviewed 66 empirical studies and synthesised 55 of them. It focused on both short-term and long-term economic impacts, education initiatives, community engagement, and housing affordability within Innovation Districts. No UK studies on Innovation Districts were included.// Results: Innovation Districts have been effective in creating highly skilled jobs, particularly in research and development. However, they face challenges in fostering collaboration and integrating local communities. Long-term effects on job creation and housing pressures are less clear, although with some evidence indicating that Innovation Districts may exacerbate local inequalities.// Implications: While Innovation Districts show promise in economic terms, their social impacts are less understood. To prevent exacerbating inequalities, future Innovation Districts should have a greater emphasis on inclusive community engagement, equitable housing policies, and ensure that local residents benefit from the economic gains generated.

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