Cotterill, Adam S;
Nicholson, Emma J;
Hayer, Catherine SL;
Kilburn, Christopher RJ;
(2024)
Magma recharge at Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, identified through thermal and SO2 satellite remote sensing of open-vent emissions.
Bulletin of Volcanology
, 86
(11)
, Article 87. 10.1007/s00445-024-01772-2.
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Abstract
Abstract Manam is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea and is a top contributor to global volcanic volatile emissions due to its persistent open-vent degassing. Here, we present a multi-year time series (2018–2021) of thermal and SO2 emissions for Manam from satellite remote sensing, which we interpret in the context of open-vent feedback between magma supply, reservoir pressure, and outgassing. We classify the time series into four phases based on the varying SO2 flux and observe a transient, yet substantial, increase in time-averaged SO2 flux from background levels of ~ 0.6 to ~ 4.72 kt day−1 between March and July 2019. We also identify a transition from temporally coupled to decoupled gas and thermal emissions during this period which we explain in the context of a magma recharge event that supplied new, volatile-rich magma to the shallow plumbing system beneath Manam. We infer that the arrival of this recharge magma triggered the series of eruptions between August 2018 and March 2019. These explosive events collectively removed 0.18 km3 of degassed residual magma and signalled the onset of a renewed period of unrest that ultimately culminated in a major eruption on 28 June 2019. We quantify the magnitude of “excess” degassing at Manam after the removal of the inferred residual magma. SO2 emissions reveal that ~ 0.18 km3 of magma was supplied, but only ~ 0.08 km3 was erupted between April 2019 and December 2021. We highlight how multi-parameter remote sensing observations over months to years enable the interpretation of open-vent processes that may be missed by short-duration campaign measurements.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Magma recharge at Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, identified through thermal and SO2 satellite remote sensing of open-vent emissions |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00445-024-01772-2 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01772-2 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| Keywords: | Magma recharge, Open-vent, Remote sensing, Thermal anomalies, SO2 degassing |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Earth Sciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198259 |
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