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A sol-gel templating route for the synthesis of hierarchical porous calcium phosphate glasses containing zinc

Foroutan, F; Abrahams, I; Smales, GJ; Kanwal, N; di Pasquale, R; Knowles, JC; Smith, AJ; (2024) A sol-gel templating route for the synthesis of hierarchical porous calcium phosphate glasses containing zinc. Ceramics International 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.07.180. (In press). Green open access

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Abstract

Hierarchical porous phosphate-based glasses (PPG) have great potential in biomedicine. Micropores (pore size <2 nm) increase the surface area, mesopores (pore size 2–50 nm) facilitate the absorption and diffusion of therapeutic ions and molecules making them ideal controlled delivery systems, while macropores (pore size >50 nm) facilitate the movement and diffusion of cells and fluids. In addition, the bioresorbability of PPG allows for their complete solubility in body fluid, alongside simultaneous formation of new tissue. Making PPG via the traditional melt-quenching (MQ) synthesis method used for phosphate-based glasses (PG), is not straightforward. Hence, we present here a route for preparing such glasses using a combination of sol-gel (SG) and templating methods. Hierarchical PPG in the P2O5–CaO–Na2O system with the addition of 1, 3 and 5 mol % of Zn2+ were prepared with pore dimensions ranging from the micro-to the macro scales using Pluronic 123 (P123) as a surfactant. The presence of micropores (0.30–0.46 nm), mesopores (1.75–9.35nm) and macropores (163–207 nm) was assessed via synchrotron-based Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), with the presence of the latter two confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Structural characterisation performed using 31P solid state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies shows the presence of Q2, Q1 and Q0 phosphate species with a predominance of Q1 species in all compositions. Dissolution studies in deionised (DI) water confirm that controlled release of phosphates, Ca2+, Na+ and Zn2+ is achieved over a period of 7 days. In particular, the release of Zn2+ is proportional to its loading, making its delivery particularly easy to control.

Type: Article
Title: A sol-gel templating route for the synthesis of hierarchical porous calcium phosphate glasses containing zinc
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.07.180
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.07.180
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Eastman Dental Institute
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Eastman Dental Institute > Biomaterials and Tissue Eng
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10195749
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