Rikap, Cecilia;
(2024)
Varieties of corporate innovation systems and their interplay with global and national systems: Amazon, Facebook, Google and Microsoft’s strategies to produce and appropriate artificial intelligence.
Review of International Political Economy
pp. 1-29.
10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757.
(In press).
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Abstract
The widely accepted globalization of innovation entails two interrelated undertheo-rized aspects: (1) the capacity of certain firms to orchestrate transnational innovationsystems appropriating successful results, which some have explained with the con-cept of corporate innovation systems (CIS), and (2) the co-existence of such global-ization with those CIS and national innovation systems. I address these mattersanalysing US Big Tech artificial intelligence (AI) CIS showing that they combine mul-tiple mechanisms to co-produce and appropriate AI. I propose ‘frenemy’ to describeMicrosoft’s strategy because many Chinese organizations and even direct competitorsintegrate its CIS. ‘University’ symbolises Google’s strategy, given its focus on funda-mental AI, its central place in the AI research field and appropriation mechanismsthat are not translating into clear business advantages. ‘Secrecy’ defines Amazon’sstrategy, maximizing knowledge inflows while minimizing outflows. Facebook, withthe narrowest AI CIS, exhibits an ‘application-centred’ strategy. Ultimately, this papercontributes to understanding the multiple mechanisms used by leading corporationsfor controlling and shaping frontier transnational knowledge production and appro-priation. By doing so, it advances our knowledge of the interplay between differentinnovation spheres (national, global and corporate) and highlights the dangers ofCIS’s encroachment of national and global systems.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Varieties of corporate innovation systems and their interplay with global and national systems: Amazon, Facebook, Google and Microsoft’s strategies to produce and appropriate artificial intelligence |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © The Author(s) 2024. Original content in this paper is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | Global innovation networks; Corporate Innovation Systems; weaponized networks; Big Tech;artificial intelligence; corporate-state diplomacy |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment > Inst for Innovation and Public Purpose |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10193869 |
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