Tripoliti, Evangelia;
(2024)
The Crystallography of Upper Mantle and Transition Zone Phases Using X-ray and Neutron Diffraction.
Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).
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Abstract
The Earth can be viewed as a one-dimensional, layered, chemically differentiated planet, composed of crust, mantle, and core. These layers, and sub-layers within them, are separated by boundaries. Seismic tomography is the primary source for this information showing a change in chemistry and/or of crystal structure by locating and mapping reflections, refractions, and conversions of seismic waves along these boundaries. To understand the behaviour of the Earth’s upper mantle and mantle transition zone, the convection mechanisms, thermal properties, rheology, and to create accurate mineralogical models that reflect these properties, requires investigation of their constituent mineral phases. Most researchers tend to focus on the olivine content of the mantle, this being the most common mineral up to 660 km, underestimating the contribution of garnets and pyroxenes. This has led to gaps in the published literature with many garnet and pyroxene phases being very poorly constrained and, in some cases, not even explored. But even for olivines, there are properties that have not yet been determined. The aim of this PhD thesis is to fill some of these gaps and to provide new information for phases within the olivine, garnet, and pyroxene mineral groups. Both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples were synthesised using the multi-anvil press at UCL. After structure characterisation using X-ray diffraction at ambient conditions, all samples were analysed with either low/high-temperature or high-pressure Xray and neutron diffraction methods at university-based and synchrotron radiation facilities.
| Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Qualification: | Ph.D |
| Title: | The Crystallography of Upper Mantle and Transition Zone Phases Using X-ray and Neutron Diffraction |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © The Author 2024. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Earth Sciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10192896 |
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