Fragolino, P; Schut, M; Toroš, M; Bose, S; Mazumdar, A; (2024) Decoherence of a matter-wave interferometer due to dipole-dipole interactions. Physical Review A , 109 (3) , Article 033301. 10.1103/PhysRevA.109.033301.

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Abstract

Matter-wave interferometry with nanoparticles will enable the development of quantum sensors capable of probing ultraweak fields with unprecedented applications for fundamental physics. The high sensitivity of such devices, however. makes them susceptible to several noise and decoherence sources and, as such, can operate only when sufficient isolation from the environment is achieved. It is thus imperative to model and characterize the interaction of nanoparticles with the environment and to estimate its deleterious effects. This paper will aim to study the decoherence of the matter-wave interferometer due to dipole-dipole interactions, which is one of the unavoidable channels for decoherence, even for a neutral micro-crystal. We will use the scattering model for decoherence, characterized by the differential cross section, in order to obtain simple expressions for the decoherence rate due to dipole-dipole interactions in the short- and long-wavelength limits that can be readily applied to estimate the available coherence time. We will conclude by applying the formulas we obtained to estimate the dipole-dipole decoherence rate for the quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses protocol and discuss if the effects should be mitigated.

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