Joseph, G; Shamsudduha, M; Bahuguna, A; Lee, J; Wijesundera, S; Nair, S; Hoo, Y; Joseph, G; Shamsudduha, M; Bahuguna, A; Lee, J; Wijesundera, S; Nair, S; Hoo, Y; Wang, Q; - view fewer (2022) Water quality challenges to achieving the sustainable development goals in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the International Water Conference Sri Lanka 2022. National Water Supply and Drainage Board: Ratmalana, Sri Lanka.

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Abstract

In Sri Lanka, nearly 93% of all water supply comes from improved sources. However, concerns over degrading water-quality remain a major challenge for the nation, hindering its commitment to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. This study looks at the water quality in Sri Lanka using information on surface water and groundwater resources. Groundwater quality data for 688 wells were collated from the National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB). A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze surface water quality. The analyses and literature review reveal the state of water quality across the island. Physical and chemical parameters were examined from the NWSDB database. A groundwater-quality risk index map was developed using multiple parameters at the district level. Results show that water quality is the poorest in Hambantota district located in the dry climate zone. Other districts (e.g., Anuradhapura, Kurunegala, Vavuniya) are found with poor water-quality indices. Surface water quality in some major river basins (e.g., Kelani) is polluted with high levels of chemicals derived from industrial waste and agrochemicals. Regular water quality monitoring is crucial for the long-term sustainability of public water supplies in Sri Lanka.

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