Zhao, W;
Yin, Y;
Hu, X;
Shanks, DR;
Yang, C;
Luo, L;
(2023)
Memory for inter-item relations is reactively disrupted by metamemory judgments.
Metacognition and Learning
, 18
pp. 549-566.
10.1007/s11409-023-09340-3.
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Abstract
Item memory (e.g., recall or recognition of specific items) can reactively change when metacognitively monitored via judgments of learning (JOLs). The current research explores whether memory for inter-item relations (e.g., semantic relations among list items) is reactively influenced by JOLs. Participants in Experiment 1 studied rhyming word pairs for which the target words were semantically-related category exemplars. The word pairs were presented in a category-blocked order during the study phase to increase the saliency of inter-target relations. The results showed that making JOLs had little influence on free recall of the target words, but disrupted semantic clustering, reflecting negative reactivity in memory for inter-item relations. The pre-registered Experiment 2 successfully replicated the main findings of Experiment 1. Experiment 3 found that, when the word pairs were presented in a random order (i.e., not blocked by category, leading to minimal semantic clustering at recall) during the study phase, free recall of target words was enhanced by JOLs, reflecting positive reactivity in item memory. The dissociable reactivity effects on item and inter-item relational memory found in these experiments support an item-relational memory account which hypothesizes that when a given strategy enhances item-specific processing, it concurrently diverts encoding resources away from inter-item relational processing.
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