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A rare cause of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease and stroke: Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL)

Budhdeo, Sanjay; de Paiva, Anderson Rodrigues Brandao; Wade, Charles; Lopes, Laura Cardia Gomes; Della-Ripa, Bruno; Davagnanam, Indran; Lucato, Leandro; ... Lynch, David S; + view all (2022) A rare cause of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease and stroke: Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL). Journal of Neurology , 269 pp. 6673-6677. 10.1007/s00415-022-11302-9. Green open access

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL) is a rare monogenic cause of cerebral small vessel disease. To date, fewer than 15 patients with CARASAL have been described, all of common European ancestry. METHODS: Clinical and imaging phenotypes of two patients are presented. Genetic variants were identified using targeted Sanger and focused exome sequencing, respectively. RESULTS: Both patients carried the same pathogenic p.Arg325Cys mutation in CTSA. One patient of Chinese ethnicity presented with migraine, tinnitus and slowly progressive cognitive impairment with significant cerebral small vessel disease in the absence of typical cardiovascular risk factors. She later suffered an ischaemic stroke. A second patient from Brazil, of Italian ethnicity developed progressive dysphagia and dysarthria in his 50s, he later developed hearing loss and chronic disequilibrium. Magnetic resonance imaging in both cases demonstrated extensive signal change in the deep cerebral white matter, anterior temporal lobes, thalami, internal and external capsules and brainstem. CONCLUSIONS: CARASAL should be considered in patients with early onset or severe cerebral small vessel disease, particularly where there are prominent symptoms or signs related to brainstem involvement, such as hearing dysfunction, tinnitus or dysphagia or where there is significant thalamic and brainstem involvement on imaging.

Type: Article
Title: A rare cause of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease and stroke: Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL)
Location: Germany
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11302-9
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11302-9
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: Stroke, Genetics, Small vessel disease, CARASAL, Leukoencephalopathy
UCL classification: UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Neuroinflammation
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Brain Repair and Rehabilitation
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Department of Neuromuscular Diseases
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10153709
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