Robinson, George AA;
Pineda-Torra, Ines;
Ciurtin, Coziana;
Jury, Elizabeth CC;
(2022)
Sex Differences in Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Frontiers in Medicine
, 9
, Article 914016. 10.3389/fmed.2022.914016.
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Abstract
It is known that healthy women during childbearing years have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease compared to age matched men. Various traditional risk factors have been shown to confer differential CVD susceptibilities by sex. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of CVD and mortality and sex differences in CVD risk could be due to reduced atherogenic low and very low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) and increased atheroprotective high density lipoproteins (HDLs) in women. In contrast, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory disease that predominately affects women, have an increased atherosclerotic and CVD risk. This increased CVD risk is largely associated with dyslipidaemia, the imbalance of atherogenic and atheroprotective lipoproteins, a conventional CVD risk factor. In many women with SLE, dyslipidaemia is characterised by elevated LDL and reduced HDL, eradicating the sex-specific CVD protection observed in healthy women compared to men. This review will explore this paradox, reporting what is known regarding sex differences in lipid metabolism and CVD risk in the healthy population and transgender individuals undergoing cross-sex hormone therapy, and provide evidence for how these differences may be compromised in an autoimmune inflammatory disease setting. This could lead to better understanding of mechanistic changes in lipid metabolism driving the increased CVD risk by sex and in autoimmunity and highlight potential therapeutic targets to help reduce this risk.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Sex Differences in Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cardiovascular Disease Risk |
| Location: | Switzerland |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmed.2022.914016 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.914016 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Keywords: | Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, sex and gender, lipoproteins, autoimmunity, atherosclerosis, SLE, MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY, CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, HEART-DISEASE, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS, RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, HORMONE-THERAPY, AGE |
| UCL classification: | UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Inflammation UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10150947 |
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