Wang, Ruoxu;
Amoyel, Marc;
(2022)
mRNA Translation Is Dynamically Regulated to Instruct Stem Cell Fate.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
, 9
, Article 863885. 10.3389/fmolb.2022.863885.
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Abstract
Stem cells preserve tissue homeostasis by replacing the cells lost through damage or natural turnover. Thus, stem cells and their daughters can adopt two identities, characterized by different programs of gene expression and metabolic activity. The composition and regulation of these programs have been extensively studied, particularly by identifying transcription factor networks that define cellular identity and the epigenetic changes that underlie the progressive restriction in gene expression potential. However, there is increasing evidence that post-transcriptional mechanisms influence gene expression in stem cells and their progeny, in particular through the control of mRNA translation. Here, we review the described roles of translational regulation in controlling all aspects of stem cell biology, from the decision to enter or exit quiescence to maintaining self-renewal and promoting differentiation. We focus on mechanisms controlling global translation rates in cells, mTOR signaling, eIF2ɑ phosphorylation, and ribosome biogenesis and how they allow stem cells to rapidly change their gene expression in response to tissue needs or environmental changes. These studies emphasize that translation acts as an additional layer of control in regulating gene expression in stem cells and that understanding this regulation is critical to gaining a full understanding of the mechanisms that underlie fate decisions in stem cells.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | mRNA Translation Is Dynamically Regulated to Instruct Stem Cell Fate |
| Location: | Switzerland |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmolb.2022.863885 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.863885 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2022 Wang and Amoyel. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| Keywords: | stem cell, self-renewal, differentiation, translation, protein synthesis, mTOR, eIF2 kinase, ribosome biogenesis |
| UCL classification: | UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences > Cell and Developmental Biology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10150668 |
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