Anderson, John;
Majzner, Robbie G;
Sondel, Paul M;
(2022)
Immunotherapy of Neuroblastoma: Facts and Hopes.
Clinical Cancer Research
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1356.
(In press).
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Abstract
While the adoption of multimodal therapy including surgery, radiation, and aggressive combination-chemotherapy has improved outcomes for many children with high-risk neuroblastoma, we appear to have reached a plateau in what can be achieved with cytotoxic therapies alone. Most children with cancer, including high-risk neuroblastoma, do not benefit from treatment with immune-checkpoint-inhibitors (ICI) that have revolutionized the treatment of many highly immunogenic adult solid tumors. This likely reflects the low tumor mutation burden as well as the downregulated MHC-I that characterizes most high-risk neuroblastomas. For these reasons, neuroblastoma represents an immunotherapeutic challenge that may be a model for the creation of effective immunotherapy for other "cold" tumors in children and adults that do not respond to ICI. The identification of strong expression of the disialoganglioside, GD2, on the surface of nearly all neuroblastoma cells provided a target for immune recognition by anti-GD2 mAbs which recruit Fc-receptor-expressing innate immune cells that mediate cytotoxicity or phagocytosis. Adoption of anti-GD2 antibodies into both upfront and relapse treatment protocols has dramatically increased survival rates and altered the landscape for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. This review describes how these approaches have been expanded to additional combinations and forms of immunotherapy that have already demonstrated clear clinical benefit. We also describe the efforts to identify additional immune targets for neuroblastoma. Finally we summarize newer approaches being pursued that may well help both innate and adaptive immune cells, endogenous or genetically engineered, to more effectively destroy neuroblastoma cells, in order to better induce complete remission and prevent recurrence.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Immunotherapy of Neuroblastoma: Facts and Hopes |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1356 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1356 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | ©2022 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs International 4.0 License. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Developmental Biology and Cancer Dept UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10148138 |
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