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Genetic Variants of APOL1 Are Major Determinants of Kidney Failure in People of African Ancestry With HIV

Hung, RKY; Binns-Roemer, E; Booth, JW; Hilton, R; Harber, M; Santana-Suarez, B; Campbell, L; ... Murira, J; + view all (2022) Genetic Variants of APOL1 Are Major Determinants of Kidney Failure in People of African Ancestry With HIV. Kidney International Reports 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.1054. (In press). Green open access

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Variants of the APOL1 gene are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people of African ancestry, although evidence for their impact in people with HIV are sparse. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating the association between APOL1 renal risk alleles and kidney disease in people of African ancestry with HIV in the UK. The primary outcome was end-stage kidney disease (ESKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of <15 ml/min per 1.73 m^{2}, chronic dialysis, or having received a kidney transplant). The secondary outcomes included renal impairment (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m^{2}), albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] >30 mg/mmol), and biopsy-proven HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between APOL1 high-risk genotypes (G1/G1, G1/G2, G2/G2) and kidney disease outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 2864 participants (mean age 48.1 [SD 10.3], 57.3% female) were genotyped, of whom, 354 (12.4%) had APOL1 high-risk genotypes, and 99 (3.5%) had ESKD. After adjusting for demographic, HIV, and renal risk factors, individuals with APOL1 high-risk genotypes were at increased odds of ESKD (odds ratio [OR] 10.58, 95% CI 6.22–17.99), renal impairment (OR 5.50, 95% CI 3.81–7.95), albuminuria (OR 3.34, 95% CI 2.00–5.56), and HIVAN (OR 30.16, 95% CI 12.48–72.88). An estimated 49% of ESKD was attributable to APOL1 high-risk genotypes. CONCLUSION: APOL1 high-risk genotypes were strongly associated with kidney disease in people of African ancestry with HIV and accounted for approximately half of ESKD cases in this cohort.

Type: Article
Title: Genetic Variants of APOL1 Are Major Determinants of Kidney Failure in People of African Ancestry With HIV
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.1054
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.1054
Language: English
Additional information: © 2022 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. under a Creative Commons license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Africa, APOL1, diaspora, HIV, HIVAN, kidney
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health > Infection and Population Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Division of Psychiatry > Marie Curie Palliative Care
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Division of Psychiatry
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10145201
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