Snetkov, X;
Haider, T;
Mesner, D;
Groves, N;
van Engelenburg, SB;
Jolly, C;
(2022)
A Conserved Tryptophan in the Envelope Cytoplasmic Tail Regulates HIV-1 Assembly and Spread.
Viruses
, 14
(1)
p. 129.
10.3390/v14010129.
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Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope (Env) is an essential determinant of viral infectivity, tropism and spread between T cells. Lentiviral Env contain an unusually long 150 amino acid cytoplasmic tail (EnvCT), but the function of the EnvCT and many conserved domains within it remain largely uncharacterised. Here, we identified a highly conserved tryptophan motif at position 757 (W757) in the LLP-2 alpha helix of the EnvCT as a key determinant for HIV-1 replication and spread between T cells. Alanine substitution at this position potently inhibited HIV-1 cell–cell spread (the dominant mode of HIV-1 dissemination) by preventing recruitment of Env and Gag to sites of cell–cell contact, inhibiting virological synapse (VS) formation and spreading infection. Single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging showed that mutation of W757 dysregulates Env diffusion in the plasma membrane and increases Env mobility. Further analysis of Env function revealed that W757 is also required for Env fusion and infectivity, which together with reduced VS formation, result in a potent defect in viral spread. Notably, W757 lies within a region of the EnvCT recently shown to act as a supporting baseplate for Env. Our data support a model in which W757 plays a key role in regulating Env biology, modulating its temporal and spatial recruitment to virus assembly sites and regulating the inherent fusogenicity of the Env ectodomain, thereby supporting efficient HIV-1 replication and spread.
Type: | Article |
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Title: | A Conserved Tryptophan in the Envelope Cytoplasmic Tail Regulates HIV-1 Assembly and Spread |
Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
DOI: | 10.3390/v14010129 |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010129 |
Language: | English |
Additional information: | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Keywords: | HIV-1; Env; viral assembly; cell–cell; T cell |
UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity |
URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10142316 |
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