Lowe, RJ;
Drummond, P;
(2022)
Solar, wind and logistic substitution in global energy supply to 2050 – Barriers and implications.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
, 153
, Article 111720. 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111720.
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Abstract
The sustained rapid growth and learning rates displayed by solar PV and wind electricity generation capacity over recent decades appear to be unprecedented. With these technologies now available at costs competitive with - or below - those of fossil fuel incumbents in many parts of the world, high rates of growth appear likely to continue. In this paper we use ‘top-down’ extrapolation of global trends and simple and transparent models to attempt to falsify the proposition that PV and wind have the potential to achieve dominance in global primary energy supply by 2050. We project future deployment of PV and wind using a logistic substitution model, and examine a series of potentially fundamental constraints that could inhibit continued growth. Adopting conservative assumptions, we find no insuperable constraints across physical and raw materials requirements, manufacturing capacity, energy balance (EROEI), system integration and macro-economic conditions, to this outcome. We also demonstrate synergy with direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) that would allow the achievement of global net-zero CO2 emissions by mid-century. Achieving such an outcome would require large scale reconfiguration of the architecture of global and regional energy systems, particularly from 2040 onwards. Low cost primary electricity is likely to be a significant factor in driving such a reorganisation. But given the speed and depth of the transition, hurdles will remain that will require foresight and strategic, coordinated action to overcome.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Solar, wind and logistic substitution in global energy supply to 2050 – Barriers and implications |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111720 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111720 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Logistic substitution, Solar PV, Onshore wind, Offshore wind, Physical constraints, Economic constraints |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment > Bartlett School Env, Energy and Resources |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10137695 |
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