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Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: How to Incorporate Two Food and Drug Administration–Approved Therapies in Clinical Practice

Khanna, D; Lescoat, A; Roofeh, D; Bernstein, EJ; Kazerooni, EA; Roth, MD; Martinez, F; ... Denton, CP; + view all (2021) Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: How to Incorporate Two Food and Drug Administration–Approved Therapies in Clinical Practice. Arthritis & rheumatology , 74 (1) pp. 13-27. 10.1002/art.41933. Green open access

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Abstract

Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) has the highest individual mortality of all rheumatic diseases and interstitial lung disease (ILD) is among the leading causes of SSc-related death. Two drugs are now approved by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and indicated for slowing the rate of decline in pulmonary function in patients with SSc-ILD: nintedanib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and tocilizumab (the first biologic agent targeting the interleukin-6 pathway in SSc). In addition, two generic drugs with cytotoxic and immunoregulatory activity, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide, have shown comparable efficacy in a Phase II trial but are not FDA-approved for SSc-ILD. In light of the heterogeneity of the disease, the optimal therapeutic strategy in the management of patients with SSc-ILD is still to be determined. The objectives of this review are two-fold: (1) review the body of research focused on the diagnosis and treatment of SSc-ILD; and (2) propose a practical approach for diagnosis, stratification, management, and therapeutic decision-making in this clinical context. This review presents a practical classification of SSc patients in terms of disease severity (subclinical vs. clinical ILD) and associated risk of progression (low vs. high risk). The pharmacological and non-pharmacological options as first and second-line therapy, as well as potential combination approaches, are discussed in light of the recent approval of tocilizumab for SSc-ILD.

Type: Article
Title: Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: How to Incorporate Two Food and Drug Administration–Approved Therapies in Clinical Practice
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1002/art.41933
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41933
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Inflammation
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10134322
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