Mao, J; Britto, RJ; Buckley, DAH; Covino, S; D'Avanzo, P; Kuin, NPM; (2021) On the Polarized Absorption Lines in Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Afterglows. Astrophysical Journal , 914 (2) 10.3847/1538-4357/abfdc6.

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Abstract

Spectropolarimetric measurements of gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical afterglows contain polarization information for both continuum and absorption lines. Based on the Zeeman effect, an absorption line in a strong magnetic field is polarized and split into a triplet. In this paper, we solve the polarization radiative transfer equations of the absorption lines, and obtain the degree of linear polarization of the absorption lines as a function of the optical depth. In order to effectively measure the degree of linear polarization for the absorption lines, a magnetic field strength of at least 103 G is required. The metal elements that produce the polarized absorption lines should be sufficiently abundant and have large oscillation strengths or Einstein absorption coefficients. We encourage both polarization measurements and high-dispersion observations of the absorption lines in order to detect the triplet structure in early GRB optical afterglows.

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