Choi, S;
Guo, L;
Cordeiro, MF;
(2021)
Retinal and Brain Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and Neurodegeneration.
Cells
, 10
(6)
, Article 1507. 10.3390/cells10061507.
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Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina. Similar to brain microglia, retinal microglia are responsible for retinal surveillance, rapidly responding to changes in the environment by altering morphotype and function. Microglia become activated in inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). When activated by stress stimuli, retinal microglia change their morphology and activity, with either beneficial or harmful consequences. In this review, we describe characteristics of CNS microglia, including those in the retina, with a focus on their morphology, activation states and function in health, ageing, MS and other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, to highlight their activity in disease. We also discuss contradictory findings in the literature and the potential ways of reducing inconsistencies in future by using standardised methodology, e.g., automated algorithms, to enable a more comprehensive understanding of this exciting area of research.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Retinal and Brain Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and Neurodegeneration |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3390/cells10061507 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061507 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited |
| Keywords: | retina, microglia, neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis, retinal microglia, microglia morphotype, OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY, PARKINSONS-DISEASE, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, SHAPED MICROGLIA, IMMUNE CELLS, MOUSE MODEL, IN-VIVO, ACTIVATION, NERVE, AGE |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10129977 |
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