D'Agate, S;
Musuamba, FT;
Jacqz-Aigrain, E;
Della Pasqua, O;
(2021)
Simplified Dosing Regimens for Gentamicin in Neonatal Sepsis.
FrFrontiers in Pharmacology
, 12
, Article 624662. 10.3389/fphar.2021.624662.
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Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of antibiotics for the treatment of severe bacterial infections in newborns in resource-limited settings has been determined by empirical evidence. However, such an approach does not warrant optimal exposure to antibiotic agents, which are known to show different disposition characteristics in this population. Here we evaluate the rationale for a simplified regimen of gentamicin taking into account the effect of body size and organ maturation on pharmacokinetics. The analysis is supported by efficacy data from a series of clinical trials in this population. Methods: A previously published pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate gentamicin concentration vs. time profiles in a virtual cohort of neonates. Model predictive performance was assessed by supplementary external validation procedures using therapeutic drug monitoring data collected in neonates and young infants with or without sepsis. Subsequently, clinical trial simulations were performed to characterize the exposure to intra-muscular gentamicin after a q.d. regimen. The selection of a simplified regimen was based on peak and trough drug levels during the course of treatment. Results: In contrast to current World Health Organization guidelines, which recommend gentamicin doses between 5 and 7.5 mg/kg, our analysis shows that gentamicin can be used as a fixed dose regimen according to three weight-bands: 10 mg for patients with body weight <2.5 kg, 16 mg for patients with body weight between 2.5 and 4 kg, and 30 mg for those with body weight >4 kg. Conclusion: The choice of the dose of an antibiotic must be supported by a strong scientific rationale, taking into account the differences in drug disposition in the target patient population. Our analysis reveals that a simplified regimen is feasible and could be used in resource-limited settings for the treatment of sepsis in neonates and young infants with sepsis aged 0–59 days.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Simplified Dosing Regimens for Gentamicin in Neonatal Sepsis |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fphar.2021.624662 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.624662 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2021 D’Agate, Musuamba, Jacqz-Aigrain and Della Pasqua. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| Keywords: | gentamicin, neonatal sepsis, pharmacokinetics, modeling and simulation, dosing optimization, bacterial infection, resource-limited and remote setting |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > UCL School of Pharmacy UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > UCL School of Pharmacy > Pharmacology |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10126068 |
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