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Community-acquired Invasive Bacterial Disease in Urban Gambia, 2005–2015: A Hospital-based Surveillance

Darboe, S; Okomo, U; Muhammad, A-K; Ceesay, B; Jallow, M; Usuf, E; Tweed, S; ... Roca, A; + view all (2019) Community-acquired Invasive Bacterial Disease in Urban Gambia, 2005–2015: A Hospital-based Surveillance. Clinical Infectious Diseases , 69 (S2) S105-S113. 10.1093/cid/ciz463. Green open access

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Abstract

Background. Invasive bacterial diseases cause significant disease and death in sub-Saharan Africa. Several are vaccine preventable, although the impact of new vaccines and vaccine policies on disease patterns in these communities is poorly understood owing to limited surveillance data. / Methods. We conducted a hospital-based surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases in The Gambia where blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of hospitalized participants were processed. Three surveillance periods were defined in relation to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), before (2005- 2009), during (2010–2011) and after (2012–2015) PCV introduction. We determined the prevalences of commonly isolated bacteria and compared them between the different surveillance periods. / Results. A total of 14 715 blood and 1103 CSF samples were collected over 11 years; overall, 1045 clinically significant organisms were isolated from 957 patients (972 organisms [6.6%] from blood and 73 [6.6%] from CSF). The most common blood culture isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (22.0%), Escherichia coli (10.9%), and nontyphoidal Salmonella (10.0%). Between the pre-PCV and post-PCV eras, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae bacteremia dropped across all age groups (from 32.4% to 16.5%; odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, .29–.58) while S. aureus increased in prevalence, becoming the most prevalent bacteria (from 16.9% to 27.2%; 1.75; 1.26–2.44). Overall, S. pneumoniae (53.4%), Neisseria meningitidis (13.7%), and Haemophilus influenzae (12.3%) were the predominant isolates from CSF. Antimicrobial resistance to common antibiotics was low. / Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that surveillance data on the predominant pathogens associated with invasive disease is necessary to inform vaccine priorities and appropriate management of patients.

Type: Article
Title: Community-acquired Invasive Bacterial Disease in Urban Gambia, 2005–2015: A Hospital-based Surveillance
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz463
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz463
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: invasive bacterial disease, bacteremia, meningitis, community-acquired infection, vaccine preventable disease
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120459
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