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Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Mohammedi, K; Woodward, M; Hirakawa, Y; Zoungas, S; Williams, B; Liu, L; Rodgers, A; ... Chalmers, J; + view all (2016) Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care , 39 (10) pp. 1796-1803. 10.2337/dc16-0588. Green open access

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes, but the relationship between other vascular diseases and PAD has been poorly investigated. We examined the impact of previous microvascular and macrovascular disease on the risk of major PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed 10,624 patients with type 2 diabetes free from baseline major PAD in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) clinical trial. The primary composite outcome was major PAD defined as PAD-induced death, peripheral revascularization, lower-limb amputation, or chronic ulceration. The secondary end points were the PAD components considered separately. RESULTS: Major PAD occurred in 620 (5.8%) participants during 5 years of follow-up. Baseline microvascular and macrovascular disease were both associated with subsequent risk of major PAD after adjustment for age, sex, region of origin, and randomized treatments. However, only microvascular disease remained significantly associated with PAD after further adjustment for established risk factors. The highest risk was observed in participants with a history of macroalbuminuria (hazard ratio 1.91 [95% CI 1.38–2.64], P < 0.0001) and retinal photocoagulation therapy (1.60 [1.11–2.32], P = 0.01). Baseline microvascular disease was also associated with a higher risk of chronic lower-limb ulceration (2.07 [1.56–2.75], P < 0.0001) and amputation (1.59 [1.15–2.22], P = 0.006), whereas baseline macrovascular disease was associated with a higher rate of angioplasty procedures (1.75 [1.13–2.73], P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular disease, particularly macroalbuminuria and retinal photocoagulation therapy, strongly predicts major PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes, but macrovascular disease does not.

Type: Article
Title: Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0588
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0588
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism, ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX, CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, VASCULAR-DISEASE, WALL STIFFNESS, HEART-DISEASE, RETINOPATHY, PREVALENCE, MORTALITY, OUTCOMES, WOMEN
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science > Population Science and Experimental Medicine
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10119658
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