Reynolds, CJ;
Swadling, L;
Gibbons, JM;
Pade, C;
Jensen, MP;
Diniz, MO;
Schmidt, NM;
... Boyton, RJ; + view all
(2020)
Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Science Advances
, 5
(54)
, Article eabf3698. 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698.
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Abstract
Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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