Andrews, D; Salunke, S; Cram, A; Bennett, J; Ives, RS; Basit, AW; Tuleu, C; (2021) Bitter-blockers as a taste masking strategy: a systematic review towards their utility in pharmaceuticals. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , 158 pp. 35-51. 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.017.

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Abstract

Acceptable palatability of an oral dosage form is crucial to patient compliance. Excipients can be utilised within a formulation to mask the bitterness of a drug. One such category is the bitter-blockers. This term is used inconsistently within the literature and has historically been used to describe any additive which alters the taste of an unpleasant compound. This review defines a bitter-blocker as a compound which interacts with the molecular pathway of bitterness at a taste-cell level and compiles data obtained from publication screening of such compounds. Here, a novel scoring system is created to assess their potential utility in a medicinal product using factors such as usability, safety, efficacy and quality of evidence to understand their taste-masking ability. Sodium acetate, sodium gluconate and adenosine 5'monophophate each have a good usability and safety profile and are generally regarded as safe and have shown evidence of bitter-blocking in human sensory panels. These compounds could offer a much needed option to taste-mask particularly aversive medicines where traditional methods alone are insufficient.

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