Bradley, Guy Jolyon; (1997) Umbria from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This thesis compares Umbria before and after the Roman conquest in order to assess the impact of the imposition of Roman control over this area of central Italy. There are four sections specifically on Umbria and two more general chapters of introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter examines the most important issues for the history of the Italian regions in this period and the extent to which they are relevant to Umbria, given the type of evidence that survives. The chapter focuses on the concept of state formation, and the information about it provided by evidence for urbanisation, coinage, and the creation of treaties. The second chapter looks at the archaeological and other available evidence for the history of Umbria before the Roman conquest, and maps the beginnings of the formation of the state through the growth in social complexity, urbanisation and the emergence of cult places. The third chapter is concerned with the Roman conquest and colonisation of this region; subjects covered include the progress of the conquest itself and the light this sheds on the pre-Roman organisation of the region, the confiscation and colonisation of land that followed the conquest, and the formation of alliances with the peoples living in Umbria. The period after the Roman conquest until the age of Augustus is divided into two chapters, covering changes in culture and the levels of urbanism and state organisation, as well as the extent to which this is due to a process of 'Romanisation'. The concluding chapter summarises the results of the work on Umbria and compares the situation in neighbouring Picenum and in other regions. This new picture of the formation of the state, which I argue was earlier and more gradual than has been previously thought, requires a revised assessment of the impact of the Roman conquest on this part of central Italy.

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