Shinawi, Lana Ahmed; (2003) Ion Implantation As A Route To Enhancing Osseointegration On Modified Titanium Surfaces. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Owing to its biocompatibility, titanium (Ti) has long been established as a dental implant material. Since its first introduction by Branemark, numerous modifications to the original design, composition and topography have been attempted. A recent approach aims at altering the chemical composition and/or the physical properties of the very near surface of the Ti by using ion implantation. Ca ion implantation into CP Ti was reported to enhance the biological response in vitro and in vivo. The current research explored the modification of titanium by the implantation of Ca+, K+ and Ar+ ions. A number of techniques were employed to examine the resulting surfaces. These include SEM, white light interferometry and XRD. The chemistry of the immediate surface was examined in detail using XPS, while ion distributions away from the surface were probed using SIMS. The stability of the implanted species in the aqueous environment was investigated to explore the in vitro biological response to these surfaces by immersion in water (H2O) and a simulated physiological environment (HBSS). The surface properties following short-term and long-term immersions were investigated at both body temperature and room temperature. Clinical implications were further assessed by investigating the effects of passivation in nitric acid (HNO3). The present research concluded that the current method of ion implantation could be used to incorporate controlled and predictable concentrations of Ca and K ions in the CP Ti matrix. These ions were partially released into the hydrated environment following immersion in H2O and passivation in HNO3. Ar-Ti surfaces were chemically most similar to CP Ti and showed least variation on immersion in water. All surfaces displayed phosphate deposition after immersion at body temperature but Ca ion implantation was found to result in the most favourable apatite deposition from HBSS solution both at different temperatures and at short immersion times. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without prior written consent of the author.

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