Al-Dughaim, Mohammed Dughaim Mohammed; (2001) The image of the enemy in Kuwaiti children. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This study is an empirical investigation of the "enemy image" in Kuwaiti schoolchildren and look at whether their image of the enemy differ according to factors of age, gender or experience of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The study also aims to examine the effects of the enemy image on the children's adjustment and their attitudes towards authority figures such as parents, policemen and teachers, and also whether this has diminished their willingness to cooperate with people who they dislike. One hundred and sixty children served as subjects. Eighty children from Kuwait ranging in age from 8 to 14 was compared with forty Egyptian and forty English children who served as a control group. Data collection was through the administration of the Enemy Image Scale (EIS), Child Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Child PAQ), Semantic Differential Scale (SDS), Draw-A-Person Test (DAP), and Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG). In addition, the Crisis Interview (CI) was administered only for the children who experienced the Iraqi invasion. The results of the study demonstrated no significant differences in the children's perception of the enemy image based on the age. However, gender differences between children in their perception of the enemy image were found. Kuwaiti children were significantly different in their view of the enemy than non-Kuwaiti children and the highest means were observed in the attitudes towards authority figures among children who experienced the Iraqi invasion. It was also found that Kuwaiti children showed hostility effects in competitive - cooperative behaviour.

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