Kaldoudi, Eleni; (1994) Fat and water signals in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This thesis is intended to explore fat and water differentiation in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The need to create separate fat and water images is discussed and a critical review of current practices in the field is presented. These techniques include chemical shift imaging, coupled spin mapping and methods based on relaxation time differences. As an extension of this review, alternative slice cycling procedures are proposed that afford an improvement in the conventional chemical shift selective presaturation sequence. A new, hybrid fat or water suppression sequence is studied in detail, including a theoretical description of the role of the sequence parameters, as well as direct experimental comparison with its most closely related conventional fat and water differentiation techniques. The proposed scheme is shown to be robust in normal use and more tolerant than the conventional methods to mis-settings of experimental parameters. In vivo demonstration of the method is also performed. Further work involves the generation of differential fat and water relaxation time maps. A critical review of current, conventional techniques that allow production of longitudinal relaxation calculated images is presented. Novel pulse sequence schemes for the measurement of fat and water longitudinal relaxation times are described, and the accuracy of these measurements is evaluated using phantoms. The results obtained are also being compared with conventional spectroscopic and imaging methods.

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