Snæbjörnsdóttir, SÓ; Sigfússon, B; Marieni, C; Goldberg, D; Gislason, SR; Oelkers, EH; (2020) Carbon dioxide storage through mineral carbonation. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment , 1 (2) pp. 90-102. 10.1038/s43017-019-0011-8.

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Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has a fundamental role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement to limit anthropogenic warming to 1.5–2 °C. Most ongoing CCS projects inject CO_{2} into sedimentary basins and require an impermeable cap rock to prevent the CO_{2} rom migrating to the surface. Alternatively, captured carbon can be stored through injection into reactive rocks (such as mafic or ultramafic lithologies), provoking CO_{2} mineralization and, thereby, permanently fixing carbon with negligible risk of return to the atmosphere. Although in situ mineralization offers a large potential volume for carbon storage in formations such as basalts and peridotites (both onshore and offshore), its large-scale implementation remains little explored beyond laboratory-based and field-based experiments. In this Review, we discuss the potential of mineral carbonation to address the global CCS challenge and contribute to long-term reductions in atmospheric CO_{2}. Emphasis is placed on the advances in making this technology more cost-effective and in exploring the limits and global applicability of CO_{2} mineralization.

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