Does antiretroviral therapy use affect the accuracy of HIV rapid diagnostic assays? Experience from a demographic health and surveillance site in rural South Africa

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Does antiretroviral therapy use affect the accuracy of HIV rapid diagnostic assays? Experience from a demographic health and surveillance site in rural South Africa

Siedner, MJ; Baisley, K; Koole, O; Mpofana, I; Ording-Jespersen, G; Matthews, P; Herbst, K; ... Pillay, D; + view all (2020) Does antiretroviral therapy use affect the accuracy of HIV rapid diagnostic assays? Experience from a demographic health and surveillance site in rural South Africa. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease , Article 115031. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115031. (In press). Green open access

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Abstract

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the mainstay of HIV diagnosis in the developing world but might have poor sensitivity among individuals taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). We leveraged a home-based HIV testing program linked to clinical data to compare the sensitivity of RDTs between individuals using versus not using ART. Field workers tested 6802 individuals using 2 HIV RDTs, which were compared to a single HIV immunoassay tested on dried blood spots. Approximately 5% (371/6802) tested positive by immunoassay, of whom 157 (42%) were currently on ART. The sensitivity of the Abon RDT among those never versus currently on ART was 91.6% (95% CI 88.3–94.3) and 96.6% (95% CI 88.3–94.3), respectively, and 95.4% (95% CI 92.8–97.3) versus 99.3% (95% CI 95.2–99.7) for the Advanced Quality assay. We report similar sensitivity of RDTs in ART-naïve and ART-experienced individuals, which mitigates concerns about their use among treated individuals in population-based epidemiologic surveys and those transferring care.

Type:	Article
Title:	Does antiretroviral therapy use affect the accuracy of HIV rapid diagnostic assays? Experience from a demographic health and surveillance site in rural South Africa
Location:	United States
Open access status:	An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI:	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115031
Publisher version:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115031
Language:	English
Additional information:	This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
UCL classification:	UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity
URI:	https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10093949