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Therapeutic Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Attenuates Neutrophil Activation, ANCA-Mediated Endothelial Damage, and Crescentic GN

Antonelou, M; Michaëlsson, E; Evans, RDR; Wang, CJ; Henderson, SR; Walker, LSK; Unwin, RJ; ... RAVE-ITN Investigators; + view all (2020) Therapeutic Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Attenuates Neutrophil Activation, ANCA-Mediated Endothelial Damage, and Crescentic GN. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology , 31 (2) pp. 350-364. 10.1681/ASN.2019060618. Green open access

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase released after neutrophil and monocyte activation can generate reactive oxygen species, leading to host tissue damage. Extracellular glomerular myeloperoxidase deposition, seen in ANCA-associated vasculitis, may enhance crescentic GN through antigen-specific T and B cell activation. Myeloperoxidase-deficient animals have attenuated GN early on, but augmented T cell responses. We investigated the effect of myeloperoxidase inhibition, using the myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZM198, to understand its potential role in treating crescentic GN. METHODS: We evaluated renal biopsy samples from patients with various forms of crescentic GN for myeloperoxidase and neutrophils, measured serum myeloperoxidase concentration in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and controls, and assessed neutrophil extracellular trap formation, reactive oxygen species production, and neutrophil degranulation in ANCA-stimulated neutrophils in the absence and presence of AZM198. We also tested the effect of AZM198 on ANCA-stimulated neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell damage in vitro, as well as on crescentic GN severity and antigen-specific T cell reactivity in the murine model of nephrotoxic nephritis. RESULTS: All biopsy specimens with crescentic GN had extracellular glomerular myeloperoxidase deposition that correlated significantly with eGFR and crescent formation. In vitro, AZM198 led to a significant reduction in neutrophil extracellular trap formation, reactive oxygen species production, and released human neutrophil peptide levels, and attenuated neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell damage. In vivo, delayed AZM198 treatment significantly reduced proteinuria, glomerular thrombosis, serum creatinine, and glomerular macrophage infiltration, without increasing adaptive T cell responses. CONCLUSIONS: Myeloperoxidase inhibition reduced neutrophil degranulation and neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell damage in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. In preclinical crescentic GN, delayed myeloperoxidase inhibition suppressed kidney damage without augmenting adaptive immune responses, suggesting it might offer a novel adjunctive therapeutic approach in crescentic GN.

Type: Article
Title: Therapeutic Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Attenuates Neutrophil Activation, ANCA-Mediated Endothelial Damage, and Crescentic GN
Location: United States
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2019060618
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2019060618
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: ANCA, glomerular endothelial cells, glomerulonephritis, myeloperoxidase, neutrophils, vasculitis
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Renal Medicine
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10092090
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