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Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B

Maini, MK; Burton, AR; (2019) Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology , 16 pp. 662-675. 10.1038/s41575-019-0196-9. Green open access

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Abstract

Multiple new therapeutic approaches are currently being developed to achieve sustained, off-treatment suppression of HBV, a persistent hepatotropic infection that kills ~2,000 people a day. A fundamental therapeutic goal is the restoration of robust HBV-specific adaptive immune responses that are able to maintain prolonged immunosurveillance of residual infection. Here, we provide insight into key components of successful T cell and B cell responses to HBV, discussing the importance of different specificities and effector functions, local intrahepatic immunity and pathogenic potential. We focus on the parallels and interactions between T cell and B cell responses, highlighting emerging areas for future investigation. We review the potential for different immunotherapies in development to restore or release endogenous adaptive immunity by direct or indirect approaches, including limitations and risks. Finally, we consider an alternative HBV treatment strategy of replacing failed endogenous immunity with infusions of highly targeted T cells or antibodies.

Type: Article
Title: Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B
Location: England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0196-9
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-019-0196-9
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: Adaptive immunity, Cancer immunotherapy, Disease prevention, Hepatitis B
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10085662
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