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Myocardial Amyloidosis: The Exemplar Interstitial Disease

Fontana, M; Ćorović, A; Scully, P; Moon, JC; (2019) Myocardial Amyloidosis: The Exemplar Interstitial Disease. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging , 12 (11(2)) pp. 2345-2356. 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.06.023. Green open access

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Abstract

Cardiac involvement drives prognosis and treatment choices in cardiac amyloidosis. Echocardiography is the first-line examination for patients presenting with heart failure, and it is the imaging modality that most often raises the suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis. Echocardiography can provide an assessment of the likelihood of cardiac amyloid infiltration versus other hypertrophic phenocopies and can assess the severity of cardiac involvement. Visualizing myocardial amyloid infiltration is challenging and, until recently, was restricted to the domain of the pathologist. Two tests are transforming this: cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and bone scintigraphy. After the administration of contrast, CMR is highly sensitive and specific for the 2 main types of ventricular myocardial amyloidosis, light chain amyloidosis (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). CMR structural and functional assessment combined with tissue characterization can redefine cardiac involvement by tracking different disease processes, ranging from amyloid infiltration, to the myocardial response associated with amyloid deposition, through the visualization and quantification of myocardial edema and myocyte response. Bone scintigraphy (paired with exclusion of serum free light chains) is emerging as the technique of choice for distinguishing ATTR from light chain cardiac amyloidosis and other cardiomyopathies; it has transformed the diagnostic pathway for ATTR, allowing noninvasive diagnosis of ATTR without the need for a tissue biopsy in the majority of patients. CMR with tissue characterization and bone scintigraphy are rewriting disease understanding, classification, and definition, and leading to a change in patient care.

Type: Article
Title: Myocardial Amyloidosis: The Exemplar Interstitial Disease
Location: United States
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.06.023
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.06.023
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: Cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac imaging, light chain amyloidosis, transthyretin amyloidosis
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Inflammation
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science > Clinical Science
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10080245
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