Mo, J;
Groot, RD;
McCartney, G;
Guo, E;
Bent, J;
van Dalen, G;
Schuetz, P;
... Lee, PD; + view all
(2019)
Ice Crystal Coarsening in Ice Cream during Cooling: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment.
Crystals
, 9
(6)
, Article 321. 10.3390/cryst9060321.
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Abstract
Ice cream is a complex multi-phase structure and its perceived quality is closely related to the small size of ice crystals in the product. Understanding the quantitative coarsening behaviour of ice crystals will help manufacturers optimise ice cream formulations and processing. Using synchrotron X-ray tomography, we measured the time-dependent coarsening (Ostwald ripening) of ice crystals in ice cream during cooling at 0.05 ◦C/min. The results show ice crystal coarsening is highly temperature dependent, being rapid from ca. −6 to −12 ◦C but significantly slower at lower temperatures. We developed a numerical model, based on established coarsening theory, to calculate the relationship between crystal diameter, cooling rate and the weight fraction of sucrose in solution. The ice crystal diameters predicted by the model are found to agree well with the measured values if matrix diffusion is assumed to be slowed by a factor of 1.2 due to the presence of stabilizers or high molecular weight sugars in the ice cream formulation.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Ice Crystal Coarsening in Ice Cream during Cooling: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3390/cryst9060321 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060321 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | ice cream; microstructure; ice crystals; tomography; modelling; coarsening kinetics |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Mechanical Engineering |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10079106 |
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