Cook, JA;
Julious, SA;
Sones, W;
Hampson, L;
Hewitt, C;
Berlin, JA;
Ashby, D;
... Vale, LD; + view all
(2018)
DELTA(2) guidance on choosing the target difference and undertaking and reporting the sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial.
BMJ-British Medical Journal
, 363
, Article k3750. 10.1136/bmj.k3750.
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Abstract
Randomised controlled trials are considered to be the best method to assess comparative clinical efficacy and effectiveness, and can be a key source of data for estimating cost effectiveness. Central to the design of a randomised controlled trial is an a priori sample size calculation, which ensures that the study has a high probability of achieving its prespecified main objective. Beyond pure statistical or scientific concerns, it is ethically imperative that an appropriate number of study participants be recruited, to avoid imposing the burdens of a clinical trial on more patients than necessary. The scientific concern is satisfied and the ethical imperative is further addressed by the specification of a target difference between treatments that is considered realistic or important by one or more key stakeholder groups. The sample size calculation ensures that the trial will have the required statistical power to identify whether a difference of a particular magnitude exists. In this article, the key messages from the DELTA2 guidance on determining the target difference and sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial are presented. Recommendations for the subsequent reporting of the sample size calculation are also provided.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | DELTA(2) guidance on choosing the target difference and undertaking and reporting the sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmj.k3750 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3750 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10077290 |
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