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Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies

Carrozzo, M; Porter, S; Mercadante, V; Fedele, S; (2019) Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies. Periodontology 2000 , 80 (1) pp. 105-125. 10.1111/prd.12260. Green open access

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Abstract

Oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions comprise a group of disorders of the oral mucosa that likely represent a common reaction pattern to 1 or more unknown antigens. The coexistence of hyperkeratotic striation/reticulation, varying degrees of mucosal inflammation from mild erythema to severe widespread ulceration, and a band-like infiltrate of mononuclear inflammatory cells including activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are considered suggestive of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions. Several classification systems of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions have been attempted, although none seem to be comprehensive. In this paper, we present a classification of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions that includes oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid contact lesions, oral lichenoid drug reactions, oral lichenoid lesions of graft vs. host disease, discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus, lichen planus-like variant of paraneoplastic pemphigus/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, lichen planus pemphigoides, solitary fixed drug eruptions, and lichen sclerosus. We present the clinical and diagnostic aspects of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, and discuss related treatment options.

Type: Article
Title: Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12260
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12260
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Eastman Dental Institute
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10074587
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