Schlee, P;
Herou, S;
Jervis, R;
Shearing, PR;
Brett, DJL;
Baker, D;
Hosseinaei, O;
... Titirici, M-M; + view all
(2019)
Free-standing supercapacitors from Kraft lignin nanofibers with remarkable volumetric energy density.
Chemical Science
, 10
pp. 2980-2988.
10.1039/c8sc04936j.
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Abstract
We have discovered a very simple method to address the challenge associated with the low volumetric energy density of free-standing carbon nanofiber electrodes for supercapacitors by electrospinning Kraft lignin in the presence of an oxidizing salt (NaNO₃) and subsequent carbonization in a reducing atmosphere. The presence of the oxidative salt decreases the diameter of the resulting carbon nanofibers doubling their packing density from 0.51 to 1.03 mg cm⁻² and hence doubling the volumetric energy density. At the same time, the oxidative NaNO₃ salt eletrospun and carbonized together with lignin dissolved in NaOH acts as a template to increase the microporosity, thus contributing to a good gravimetric energy density. By simply adjusting the process parameters (amount of oxidizing/reducing agent), the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of the resulting lignin free-standing carbon nanofiber electrodes can be carefully tailored to fit specific power to energy demands. The areal capacitance increased from 147 mF cm⁻² in the absence of NaNO₃ to 350 mF cm⁻² with NaNO₃ translating into a volumetric energy density increase from 949 μW h cm⁻³ without NaNO₃ to 2245 μW h cm⁻³ with NaNO₃. Meanwhile, the gravimetric capacitance also increased from 151 F g⁻¹ without to 192 F g⁻¹ with NaNO.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Free-standing supercapacitors from Kraft lignin nanofibers with remarkable volumetric energy density |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c8sc04936j |
| Publisher version: | http://doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04936j |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Chemical Engineering |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10071455 |
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