Petersen, I;
Welch, CA;
Nazareth, I;
Walters, K;
Marston, L;
Morris, RW;
Carpenter, JR;
... Pham, TM; + view all
(2019)
Health indicator recording in UK primary care electronic health records: key implications for handling missing data.
Clinical Epidemiology
, 2019
(11)
pp. 157-167.
10.2147/CLEP.S191437.
Preview |
Text
clep-191437-health-indicator-recording-in-uk-primary-care-electronic-hea-020819.pdf - Published Version Download (520kB) | Preview |
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical databases are increasingly used for health research; many of them capture information on common health indicators including height, weight, blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. However, these are often not recorded on a regular basis; missing data are ubiquitous. We described the recording of health indicators in UK primary care and evaluated key implications for handling missing data. Methods: We examined the recording of health indicators in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) UK primary care database over time, by demographic variables (age and sex) and chronic diseases (diabetes, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Using weight as an example, we fitted linear and logistic regression models to examine the associations of weight measurements and the probability of having weight recorded with individuals’ demographic characteristics and chronic diseases. RESULTS: In total, 6,345,851 individuals aged 18–99 years contributed data to THIN between 2000 and 2015. Women aged 18–65 years were more likely than men of the same age to have health indicators recorded; this gap narrowed after age 65. About 60–80% of individuals had their height, weight, blood pressure, smoking status, and alcohol consumption recorded during the first year of registration. In the years following registration, these proportions fell to 10%–40%. Individuals with chronic diseases were more likely to have health indicators recorded, particularly after the introduction of a General Practitioner incentive scheme. Individuals’ demographic characteristics and chronic diseases were associated with both observed weight measurements and missingness in weight. CONCLUSIONS: Missing data in common health indicators will affect statistical analysis in health research studies. A single analysis of primary care data using the available information alone may be misleading. Multiple imputation of missing values accounting for demographic characteristics and disease status is recommended but should be considered and implemented carefully. Sensitivity analysis exploring alternative assumptions for missing data should also be evaluated.
Type: | Article |
---|---|
Title: | Health indicator recording in UK primary care electronic health records: key implications for handling missing data |
Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
DOI: | 10.2147/CLEP.S191437 |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S191437 |
Language: | English |
Additional information: | This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Keywords: | primary care, EHRs, recording, QOF, multiple imputation, statistics, epidemiology, research methods, data analysis |
UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health > Primary Care and Population Health |
URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10067785 |
Archive Staff Only
View Item |