Dingle, K;
Didelot, X;
Quan, P;
Eyre, DW;
Stoesser, N;
Marwick, C;
Coia, J;
... Crook, D; + view all
(2019)
A role for tetracycline selection in recent evolution of the agriculture-associated Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 078.
mBio
, 10
(2)
, Article e02790-18. 10.1128/mBio.02790-18.
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A Role for Tetracycline Selection in Recent Evolution of Agriculture-Associated Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 078.pdf - Published Version Download (3MB) | Preview |
Abstract
The increasing clinical importance of human infections (frequently severe) caused by Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 (RT078) was first reported in 2008. The severity of symptoms (mortality of ≤30%) and the higher proportion of infections among community and younger patients raised concerns. Farm animals, especially pigs, have been identified as RT078 reservoirs. We aimed to understand the recent changes in RT078 epidemiology by investigating a possible role for antimicrobial selection in its recent evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analysis of international RT078 genomes (isolates from 2006 to 2014, n = 400), using time-scaled, recombination-corrected, maximum likelihood phylogenies, revealed several recent clonal expansions. A common ancestor of each expansion had independently acquired a different allele of the tetracycline resistance gene tetM. Consequently, an unusually high proportion (76.5%) of RT078 genomes were tetM positive. Multiple additional tetracycline resistance determinants were also identified (including efflux pump tet40), frequently sharing a high level of nucleotide sequence identity (up to 100%) with sequences found in the pig pathogen Streptococcus suis and in other zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Each RT078 tetM clonal expansion lacked geographic structure, indicating rapid, recent international spread. Resistance determinants for C. difficile infection-triggering antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones and clindamycin, were comparatively rare in RT078. Tetracyclines are used intensively in agriculture; this selective pressure, plus rapid, international spread via the food chain, may explain the increased RT078 prevalence in humans. Our work indicates that the use of antimicrobials outside the health care environment has selected for resistant organisms, and in the case of RT078, has contributed to the emergence of a human pathogen.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | A role for tetracycline selection in recent evolution of the agriculture-associated Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 078 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1128/mBio.02790-18 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02790-18 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2019 Dingle et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | Clostridium difficile, tetracycline resistance, whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, emerging pathogen, PCR ribotype 078 |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10066998 |
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