Ireland, A;
Saunders, FR;
Muthuri, SG;
Pavlova, AV;
Hardy, RJ;
Martin, KR;
Barr, RJ;
... Cooper, R; + view all
(2019)
Age at onset of walking in infancy is associated with hip shape in early old age.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
, 34
(3)
pp. 455-463.
10.1002/jbmr.3627.
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Abstract
Bones' shapes and structures adapt to the muscle and reaction forces they experience during everyday movements. Onset of independent walking, at approximately 12 months, represents the first postnatal exposure of the lower limbs to the large forces associated with bipedal movements, and, accordingly, earlier walking is associated with greater bone strength. However, associations between early life loading and joint shape have not been explored. We therefore examined associations between walking age and hip shape at age 60-64y in 1423 individuals (740 women) from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a nationally-representative British birth cohort. Walking age in months was obtained from maternal interview at age 2y. Ten modes of variation in hip shape (HM1-HM10), described by statistical shape models, were ascertained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. In sex-adjusted analyses, earlier walking age was associated with higher HM1 and HM7 scores; these associations were maintained after further adjustment for height, body composition and socioeconomic position. Earlier walking was also associated with lower HM2 scores in women only, and lower HM4 scores in men only. Taken together, this suggests that earlier walkers have proportionately larger (HM4) and flatter (HM1,4) femoral heads, wider (HM1,4,7) and flatter (HM1, 7) femoral necks, smaller neck-shaft angle (HM1,4), anteversion (HM2,7) and development of osteophytes (HM1). These results suggest that age at onset of walking in infancy is associated with variations in hip shape in older age. Early walkers have a larger femoral head and neck and smaller neck-shaft angle; these features are associated with reduced hip fracture risk, but also represent an osteoarthritic-like phenotype. Unlike results of previous studies of walking age and bone mass, associations in this study were not affected by adjustment for lean mass suggesting that associations may relate directly to skeletal loading in early life when joint shape changes rapidly. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Age at onset of walking in infancy is associated with hip shape in early old age |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1002/jbmr.3627 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3627 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Keywords: | Biomechanics, exercise, bone‐muscle interactions |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Social Research Institute UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10063315 |
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