Scorciapino, MA; D'Agostino, T; Acosta-Gutierrez, S; Malloci, G; Bodrenko, I; Ceccarelli, M; (2016) Exploiting the porin pathway for polar compound delivery into Gram-negative bacteria. Future Medicinal Chemistry , 8 (10) pp. 1047-1062. 10.4155/fmc-2016-0038.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND. In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer-membrane represents an additional barrier antibiotics have to overcome to permeate inside pathogens. Our inability to come up with novel effective antibiotics mostly relies upon insufficient understanding of the molecular basis behind outer-membrane penetration. RESULTS. Polar antibiotics can permeate through water-filled porins. Through molecular modeling, permeation of imipenem and meropenem through porins was found to strongly depend upon capability of drugs to properly align their electric dipole to the internal electric field in the restricted region of the pore. Electrostatics differences between OmpF and OmpC, and modifications along a series of OmpC mutants from E. coli resistant clinical strains identify a “pre-orientation” region, which dramatically affects antibiotic path. Electrostatics modifications along a series of porin mutants from resistant clinical strains identify a “pre-orientation” region, which dramatically affects antibiotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS. A novel perspective is presented, suggesting new molecular properties to be included in drug design.

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