Hofmann, Pascale;
(2018)
The Dialectics of Urban Water Poverty Trajectories: Policy-driven and Everyday Practices in Dar es Salaam.
Doctoral thesis (Eng.D), UCL (University College London).
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Abstract
The Joint Monitoring Programme estimates that urban Sub-Saharan Africa experiences the highest levels of water poverty, i.e. much of the housing lacks access to basic drinking water and sanitation services (WSS). While the actual number of people that gained access in urban areas since 1990 may have increased, in Tanzania the percentage of people with improved access to water has declined. Dar es Salaam, a city facing growing challenges with the equitable provision of water services, is no exception. Failure of policy-driven practices (those by government, private sector providers, external support agencies and other key players in infrastructure development) to adequately address urban water poverty, has increased the reliance of poor women and men on a range of everyday practices to meet their WSS needs, including community-managed systems and informal private providers. This thesis examines how ‘the urban water poor’ move in and out of urban water poverty and how they do so in different ways, exploring the interrelations between policy-driven and everyday practices and their influence on individual trajectories. The research adopts a normative perspective based on principles of socioenvironmental justice that include distribution, recognition and parity of participation, and applies a relational approach that draws on intersectionality scholarship and emphasises intersections of time, space and socioenvironmental relations. Findings confirm a dialectic relationship between policy-driven and everyday practices with multiple examples where conditions under which urban water poverty prevails are produced, reproduced and normalised. However, evidence further shows instances of more transformative practices that challenge unjust processes and outcomes with a potential for people to move out of it. Research findings highlight how spatial and temporal specificity alongside people’s intersectional identities and relations, shape individual trajectories and define who can and cannot escape water poverty traps and why. This thesis argues that a relational investigation of urban water poverty trajectories can help tackle the problem by identifying which factors pull people out of urban water poverty and which ones push them deeper into it.
| Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Qualification: | Eng.D |
| Title: | The Dialectics of Urban Water Poverty Trajectories: Policy-driven and Everyday Practices in Dar es Salaam |
| Event: | UCL (University College London |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © The Author 2018. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request. |
| Keywords: | water poverty, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, water supply, urban |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment > Development Planning Unit |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10062549 |
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