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Genomic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in 480,000 Adults: Implications for Primary Prevention

Inouye, M; Abraham, G; Nelson, CP; Wood, AM; Sweeting, MJ; Dudbridge, F; Lai, FY; ... UK Biobank CardioMetabolic Consortium CHD Working Group, .; + view all (2018) Genomic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in 480,000 Adults: Implications for Primary Prevention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 72 (16) pp. 1883-1893. 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.079. Green open access

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) has substantial heritability and a polygenic architecture. However, the potential of genomic risk scores to help predict CAD outcomes has not been evaluated comprehensively, because available studies have involved limited genomic scope and limited sample sizes. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to construct a genomic risk score for CAD and to estimate its potential as a screening tool for primary prevention. METHODS: Using a meta-analytic approach to combine large-scale, genome-wide, and targeted genetic association data, we developed a new genomic risk score for CAD (metaGRS) consisting of 1.7 million genetic variants. We externally tested metaGRS, both by itself and in combination with available data on conventional risk factors, in 22,242 CAD cases and 460,387 noncases from the UK Biobank. RESULTS: The hazard ratio (HR) for CAD was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68 to 1.73) per SD increase in metaGRS, an association larger than any other externally tested genetic risk score previously published. The metaGRS stratified individuals into significantly different life course trajectories of CAD risk, with those in the top 20% of metaGRS distribution having an HR of 4.17 (95% CI: 3.97 to 4.38) compared with those in the bottom 20%. The corresponding HR was 2.83 (95% CI: 2.61 to 3.07) among individuals on lipid-lowering or antihypertensive medications. The metaGRS had a higher C-index (C = 0.623; 95% CI: 0.615 to 0.631) for incident CAD than any of 6 conventional factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, self-reported high cholesterol, and family history). For men in the top 20% of metaGRS with >2 conventional factors, 10% cumulative risk of CAD was reached by 48 years of age. CONCLUSION: The genomic score developed and evaluated here substantially advances the concept of using genomic information to stratify individuals with different trajectories of CAD risk and highlights the potential for genomic screening in early life to complement conventional risk prediction.

Type: Article
Title: Genomic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in 480,000 Adults: Implications for Primary Prevention
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.079
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.079
Language: English
Additional information: © 2018 The Authors. This Is an Open Access Article Under the CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: coronary artery disease, genomic risk prediction, primary prevention
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science > Population Science and Experimental Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Health Informatics
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10057841
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