Majonga, ED;
Rehman, AM;
McHugh, G;
Mujuru, HA;
Nathoo, K;
Patel, MS;
Munyati, S;
... Ferrand, RA; + view all
(2017)
Echocardiographic reference ranges in older children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.
International Journal of Cardiology
, 248
pp. 409-413.
10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.109.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic reference ranges are important to identify abnormalities of cardiac dimensions. Reference ranges for children in sub-Saharan Africa have not been established. The aim of this study was to establish echocardiographic z-score references for Black children in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: 282 healthy subjects aged 6–16 years (143 [51%] males) with no known history of cardiac disease were enrolled in the study in Harare, Zimbabwe between 2014 and 2016. Standard M-mode echocardiography was performed and nine cardiac chamber dimensions were obtained. Two non-linear statistical models (gamma weighted model and cubic polynomial model) were tested on the data and the best fitting model was used to calculate z-scores of these cardiac chamber measures. The reference ranges are presented on scatter plots against BSA. RESULTS: Normative data for the following cardiac measures were obtained and z-scores calculated: right ventricular diameter at end diastole (RVEDD); left ventricular diameter at end diastole (LVEDD) and systole (LVESD); interventricular septal wall thickness at end diastole (IVSd) and systole (IVSs); left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd) and systole (LVPWs); left atrium diameter at end systole (LA) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Girls had higher values for BMI and heart rate than boys (p = 0.048 and p = 0.001, respectively). Mean interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior walls thickness was higher than published normal values in predominantly Caucasian populations. CONCLUSION: These are the first echocardiographic reference ranges for children from sub Saharan Africa and will allow accurate assessment of cardiac dimensions in clinical practice.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Echocardiographic reference ranges in older children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.109 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.109 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |
| Keywords: | Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Echocardiography, Reference ranges, Z-scores, Children, Africa, PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION, HEALTHY TURKISH CHILDREN, REFERENCE VALUES, HEART-DISEASE, BODY-SIZE, Z-SCORES, CHAMBER, INFANTS, MASS, AGE |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10055498 |
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