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Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Law, SHY; Lau, WCY; Wong, ICK; Lip, GYH; Mok, MT; Siu, C-W; Chan, EW; (2018) Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 72 (3) pp. 271-282. 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.066. Green open access

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Abstract

Background: Women with atrial fibrillation are at a higher risk of stroke, despite treatment with warfarin. It is unclear if women treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have better clinical outcomes, especially when considering the quality of anticoagulation control of warfarin. / Objectives: This study compared the effectiveness and safety outcomes of DOACs versus warfarin in men and women with stratifications for anticoagulation control. / Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and prescribed oral anticoagulants during 2010 to 2015 were identified using the Hong Kong clinical database. Propensity score matching was performed in men and women separately. Further analysis was conducted to stratify warfarin users according to their anticoagulation control. Cox regression was used to compare the risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), gastrointestinal bleeding, and all-cause mortality in the specific sex. / Results: There were 4,972 men and 4,834 women successfully matched in our cohort. Compared with warfarin, DOAC use was associated with a lower risk of ICH (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06 to 0.40) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.77) in women but not in men. The treatment by sex interaction was significant for ICH only, and a significantly lower risk of ICH remained in the DOAC group when compared with warfarin users with good anticoagulation control (HR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02 to 1.00) among women only. The risks of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism and gastrointestinal bleeding with DOACs versus warfarin were comparable in both sexes. / Conclusions: DOACs were associated with a lower risk of ICH and all-cause mortality in women only, where the association of lower ICH risk remained when compared with warfarin users with good anticoagulation control.

Type: Article
Title: Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.066
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.066
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: anticoagulant, atrial fibrillation, female, intracranial hemorrhage, sex difference, stroke
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > UCL School of Pharmacy
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > UCL School of Pharmacy > Practice and Policy
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10047358
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