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Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events

Frantz, LAF; Rudzinski, A; Nugraha, AMS; Evin, A; Burton, J; Hulme-Beaman, A; Linderholm, A; ... Larson, G; + view all (2018) Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 285 (1876) , Article 20172566. 10.1098/rspb.2017.2566. Green open access

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Abstract

The high degree of endemism on Sulawesi has previously been suggested to have vicariant origins, dating back to 40 Ma. Recent studies, however, suggest that much of Sulawesi's fauna assembled over the last 15 Myr. Here, we test the hypothesis that more recent uplift of previously submerged portions of land on Sulawesi promoted diversification and that much of its faunal assemblage is much younger than the island itself. To do so, we combined palaeogeographical reconstructions with genetic and morphometric datasets derived from Sulawesi's three largest mammals: the babirusa, anoa and Sulawesi warty pig. Our results indicate that although these species most likely colonized the area that is now Sulawesi at different times (14 Ma to 2-3 Ma), they experienced an almost synchronous expansion from the central part of the island. Geological reconstructions indicate that this area was above sea level for most of the last 4 Myr, unlike most parts of the island. We conclude that emergence of land on Sulawesi (approx. 1-2 Myr) may have allowed species to expand synchronously. Altogether, our results indicate that the establishment of the highly endemic faunal assemblage on Sulawesi was driven by geological events over the last few million years.

Type: Article
Title: Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events
Location: England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2566
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2566
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
Keywords: Wallacea, biogeography, evolution, geology
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences > Genetics, Evolution and Environment
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10047178
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