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Next generation sequencing of HIV-1 protease in the PIVOT trial of protease inhibitor monotherapy

Dunn, DT; Stöhr, W; Arenas-Pinto, A; Tostevin, A; Mbisa, JL; Paton, NI; or the Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple Ther, .; (2018) Next generation sequencing of HIV-1 protease in the PIVOT trial of protease inhibitor monotherapy. Journal of Clinical Virology , 101 pp. 63-65. 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.02.003. Green open access

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The PIVOT trial examined whether patients with suppressed viral load on combination antiretroviral therapy could be safely switched long-term to ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) monotherapy. The main trial publication reported that only one of 296 patients allocated to PI monotherapy experienced a loss of drug options due to protease mutations (identified by local Sanger sequencing resistance tests) likely selected by study drug. OBJECTIVES: To assess if we had missed low frequency mutations, using a more sensitive methodology. STUDY DESIGN: We performed next generation sequencing (NGS) on all available frozen plasma samples with VL >1000 copies/ml from patients who were randomised to PI monotherapy. Assays were performed at Public Health England laboratories using a previously described method. Median coverage depth was 76,000 and the threshold for detection of minority variants was 2%. Drug susceptibility was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. RESULTS: 17 of 26 potential samples, all from different patients, were identified and successfully tested. The median viral load was 6780 copies/ml and the median time since randomisation was 43 weeks. NGS revealed previously unidentified minority variant protease mutations (G73D, I54T, L89V) in three samples, at frequencies ranging between 2% and 10%. None of these mutations predicted intermediate or high level resistance, the trial primary outcome. DISCUSSION: This report adds to the body of evidence that ritonavir-boosted PI monotherapy, when used as a switch strategy with prompt detection of viral load rebound and early re-introduction of combination therapy, rarely leads to the development of clinically important protease resistance mutations.

Type: Article
Title: Next generation sequencing of HIV-1 protease in the PIVOT trial of protease inhibitor monotherapy
Location: Netherlands
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.02.003
Publisher version: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2018.02.003
Language: English
Additional information: © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).
Keywords: HIV, NGS, Protease inhibitor, Resistance
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health > Infection and Population Health
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043954
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